Modern environmental movement
– First originated in the 1960s, which means environmental problem has been concerned for a long time before.
– Normally, people are not aware of environmental problem unless it affects their general life.
The groups which are doing the environmental movement
– Influential individuals. participate through media publications.
– Independent pressure groups. pass on awareness campaigns in public.
– Corporate business upply consumer demand using resources and creating environmental impact.
– Government makes policy decisions and apply legislation.
The growth of the modern environmental movement in outline
- The population of human began to increase after we learned how to plant stuff.(Neolithic Agricultural Revolution)
- Industrial Revolution, we wasted a lot of resources for fuel and machine. At that time, we thought the resources were infinite.
- Green Revolution, Technology became a part of agriculture.
1800-1900: Early days
– Natural resources are not infinite; if we do not conserve them we shall run out. Our natural environment and the life within it must be preserved for future generations to enjoy and exploit.
– Fuel supply, waste disposal, clean drinking water, air pollution and smogs became problem of human.
1900 -1960: Environmental awareness grows
– The impacts of human on a more global scale were first noticed when a number of popular species became endangered.
1960s: The modern environmental movements gains momentum
– Carson warned of the effects of pesticides on insects, both pest and others and how this was being passed along in the food chain to kill others.
1970s: The movement goes global
– Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace was formed which led campaigns to save endangered species.
– Public awareness increased.
1990s: Global warming and global economics
– Carbon emissions from the burning of fossil fuel causing global warming became a problem.
– Green awareness became widespread and powerful in developed nations.
2000s: Cimate change, a time for action?
– Scientist are becoming even more convinced that Climate change is occurring due to fossil fuel use.
– Five areas identified as needing attention globally were: water and sanitation, energy, healthy, agriculture and biodiversity
Environmental perspective
– Ecocentric worldview is a life centered view which respects the rights of nature and dependence of humans on nature so has a holistic view of life which is earth-centred
– Anthropocentric or Technocentric worldview is human centred in which humans are not dependent on nature but use it to benefit the humankind.
MEDCs have an anthropocentric or technocentric worldview.
Technocentric world views include cornucopians and environmental mangers
Cornucopians – people who see the world as having infinite resources to benefit humanity. We can solve any environmental problem and improve our living standard by technology and our inventiveness.
Environmental managers have stewardship worldview – Think that their duty is to protect and nurture the Earth
Biocentric thinkers see life as having an inherent value.A value for its own sake, not just for humans.
Various environmental worldviews
Communism and capitalism in Germany – Communism claimed that their system could produce more wealth than capitalism and distribute it more evenly, solving issues including environmental degradation.
Native American environmental worldview – They tend to hold property in common and rather use subsistent economy to barter goods than use money and low-impact technology.